This root holds two threads that share three letters but pull in opposite directions. The first is answering: to reply, to respond, the answer given. The second is affliction: to be bent low, hence poverty, torture, and the self-imposed lowering of fasting. Modern Hebrew keeps both alive, so the same skeleton ע-נ-ה gives you both "a reply" and "a fast day". Knowing they are historically distinct strands keeps you from forcing a false bridge. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.
The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.
The two threads split across binyanim: pa'al carries "to answer", while the intensive pi'el "to torture" and its reflexive hitpa'el "to suffer / fast" carry the affliction sense (afflicting oneself = fasting). Same three letters, two unrelated families running through different moulds.
Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.
Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.