← Back to lessons

Root ח־ז־ר: returning

Roots Atlas 41 · שֹׁרֶשׁ ח ז ר · the returning root
ח ז ר
ch · z · r
everything to do with going back and repeating
9 words · 1 root · 3 verb-voices

These three consonants mean one motion: coming back. Go back to a place, go back over a text, go back to a partner. From that single idea Hebrew builds the verb you say a hundred times a day ("I'll come back"), the rehearsal of a play, the prayer-book for the holidays (the machzor is the cycle of the year), and a refund. Once you hear the loop, every word below stops being a separate item. Every entry is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Pa'al
לַחֲזֹרlachazor
simple active, the plain action
to return, to go back; to repeat (על)
Pi'el
לְחַזֵּרlechazer
intensive / specialized active
to court, to woo (אחרי)
Hif'il
לְהַחֲזִירlehachazir
causative, make someone do it
to return something, to give back (causative)

The split here is clean: pa'al is the intransitive return (the subject comes back), hif'il is the causative one (you make a thing come back, you give it back). Pi'el takes the same loop into the social world: to court is to keep circling back to someone. The passives nif'al / pu'al / huf'al are not lexicalized for this root.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The act: going back, repeating

חֲזָרָה
chazara
returning, the way back; rehearsal, repetition
קְטָלָה
הַחְזָרָה
hachzara
returning something, reinstatement, recovery
הַקְטָלָה
חִזּוּר
chizur
courting, wooing; reduction (chemistry)
קִטּוּל

② The result: what comes back to you

הֶחְזֵר
hechzer
a refund, a return
הֶקְטֵל

③ The cycle: the loop made a thing

מַחְזוֹר
machzor
cycle, period; turnover, circulation; machzor (holiday prayer book); a graduating class
מַקְטוֹל

④ The swellings: two odd cousins

חַזֶּרֶת
chazeret
mumps (illness); horseradish
קַטֶּלֶת

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.