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Root ש־ת־ה: drinking

Roots Atlas 99 · שֹׁרֶשׁ ש ת ה · the drinking root
ש ת ה
sh · t · h
everything to do with drinking
5 words · 1 root · 2 verb-voices

Three consonants for one human need: drinking. The pa'al לִשְׁתּוֹת is the daily verb; its nif'al partner לְהִשָּׁתוֹת is the passive (to be imbibed). From the act grows שְׁתִיָּה (drinking, a drink) and, in the older biblical register, מִשְׁתֶּה, a banquet, literally "a drinking", because a feast was built around the wine. The final ה is weak, so it drops or shifts when moulds attach, which is why you see שְׁתִיָּה and מִשְׁתֶּה rather than a clean three-letter stem. None of these are memorized separately. They are the same root seen from different angles. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Pa'al
לִשְׁתּוֹתlishtot
simple active, the plain action
to drink
Nif'al
לְהִשָּׁתוֹתlehishatot
passive / middle, it happens to the subject
to be drunk, to be imbibed (passive)

Here the active / passive pair is what to notice: pa'al לִשְׁתּוֹת is you drinking, nif'al לְהִשָּׁתוֹת is the liquid being drunk. Because the third radical is the weak ה, both infinitives end in -ות instead of the usual pattern. The pi'el, hif'il and hitpa'el are not lexicalized for this root.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The act: the drinking

שְׁתִיָּה
shtiya
drinking; a drink, beverage
קְטִיָּה

② The drinking event: the feast

מִשְׁתֶּה
mishte
feast, banquet (literary, "a drinking")
מִקְטֶה

③ The extended sense: the base layer

תַּשְׁתִּית
tashtit
foundation, infrastructure, substrate
תַּקְטִית

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.