Three consonants carry one idea: becoming big. Left to itself a thing simply grows; make someone else grow and you are raising a child or expanding a number. From the same letters come the size of a thing, the big adjective, the tower that rises, even the thumb, the big finger. Watch one mould turn growth into greatness. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.
The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.
The pa'al is intransitive: the thing grows on its own. Both pi'el (to raise a child, to cultivate a plant) and hif'il (to make a number bigger) are causatives, but the pi'el carries the human, nurturing sense while the hif'il is the neutral "enlarge". The passive binyanim are not lexicalized for this root.
Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.
Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.