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Root ש־א־ל: asking

Roots Atlas 131 · שֹׁרֶשׁ ש א ל · the asking root
ש א ל
sh · ' · l
everything to do with asking and borrowing
7 words · 1 root · 2 verb-voices

One root, two faces of the same gesture: you ask for something, and you borrow it. Both are a request that expects something back. From there the family fans out: the question you ask, the poll that asks a crowd, the wish you ask of fate, and the act of lending (asking turned outward). The causative hif'il flips the direction: instead of asking to borrow, you lend. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Pa'al
לִשְׁאֹלlish'ol
simple active, the plain action
to ask; to borrow
Hif'il
לְהַשְׁאִילlehash'il
causative, make someone do it
to lend, to loan (cause to borrow)

Only two binyanim are lexicalized here, but they sit at opposite ends of the same act: pa'al is asking/borrowing (you receive), hif'il is lending (you give). Hebrew uses one root for both sides of a loan, where English needs two different words.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The question: what is asked

שְׁאֵלָה
she'ela
a question
קְטֵלָה
מִשְׁאָל
mish'al
a poll, a referendum
מִקְטָל
מִשְׁאָלָה
mish'ala
a wish (something asked of fate)
מִקְטָלָה

② The lending: asking turned outward

הַשְׁאָלָה
hash'ala
lending, loan; also metaphor (a borrowed meaning)
הַקְטָלָה

③ The borrowed: the state

שָׁאוּל
sha'ul
borrowed (on loan)
קָטוּל

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.