This geminate root (the ב doubles) spins one image into a remarkably wide family: turning, going around. From plain rotation comes everything that surrounds: the things around you become your environment, the people gathered around become a party, and what stands around an event becomes its circumstance. The deepest leap is causal: in older logic, what "brings something around" is its cause. Each word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.
The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.
A clean geminate trio: pa'al is the intransitive spin (something turns), pi'el is transitive and pushes into "surround" and even "cause" (bring about), and hif'il redirects or converts something. The wandering / turning-around-oneself sense surfaces as the noun הִסְתּוֹבְבוּת (hitpa'el-type). The pu'al and huf'al are not lexicalized here.
Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.
Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.