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Root כ־ו־ן: aiming & preparing

Roots Atlas 178 · שֹׁרֶשׁ כ ו ן · the aiming root
כ ו ן
k · v · n
everything to do with setting something right, aiming and getting ready
8 words · 1 root · 4 verb-voices

Three consonants carry one idea: setting in place so it is right and ready. Aim a weapon, direct an intention, prepare a meal, be correct, they are all the same gesture of putting things in their proper position. This is a hollow root: the middle ו drops out and reappears across the binyanim, which is why the four verbs look so different from each other. From it Hebrew built nakhon (correct), kavana (intention), hakhana (preparation), the prep-course mekhina, and even the everyday word for a car, mekhonit, a little "set-up machine". Every word is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Nif'al
לְהִכּוֹןlehikon
passive / middle, it happens to the subject
to be ready; to be correct, to be true
Pi'el
לְכַוֵּןlechaven
intensive / specialized active
to aim, to direct, to set (a device)
Hif'il
לְהָכִיןlehachin
causative, make someone do it
to prepare (cause to be ready)
Hitpa'el
לְהִתְכּוֹנֵןlehitkonen
reflexive / reciprocal, to / on oneself
to prepare oneself, to get ready; to intend

Because the root is hollow (middle ו), the verbs reshape it differently: pi'el keeps a doubled ו (לְכַוֵּן), while hif'il contracts to a long i (לְהָכִין). The four binyanim line up by voice: nif'al = be ready/correct, pi'el = aim/set, hif'il = make ready (prepare), hitpa'el = get oneself ready. The passive partners pu'al and huf'al exist in the system but are not lexicalized here.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The act: aiming and preparing

כַּוָּנָה
kavana
intention, aim (the direction of the mind)
קַטָּלָה
הֲכָנָה
hachana
preparation
הַקְטָלָה

② The place: where you get ready

מְכִינָה
mechina
preparatory course (e.g. pre-university)
מְקִינָה

③ The machine: set up to run right

מְכוֹנִית
mechonit
car, automobile

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.