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Root נ־ש־ם: breathing

Roots Atlas 180 · שֹׁרֶשׁ נ ש ם · the breathing root
נ ש ם
n · sh · m
everything to do with breath
5 words · 1 root · 2 verb-voices

Three consonants carry one living idea: breath. The plain verb is the breath you take; push it into the causative and you breathe for someone who cannot. And the same root, the same air, gives Hebrew its word for the soul: the breath that was breathed into the first human. Action, soul, and rescue all hang on these three letters. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Pa'al
לִנְשֹׁםlinshom
simple active, the plain action
to breathe
Hif'il
לְהַנְשִׁיםlehanshim
causative, make someone do it
to resuscitate, to do artificial respiration

Two binyanim are lexicalized: the plain pa'al (you breathe) and the causative hif'il (you make another breathe again). The nif'al, pi'el, pu'al, huf'al and hitpa'el slots stay empty for this root, which is normal.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The act: breath happening

נְשִׁימָה
neshima
breath, breathing, respiration
קְטִילָה
הַנְשָׁמָה
hanshama
resuscitation, artificial respiration
הַקְטָלָה

② The breath made being: the soul

נְשָׁמָה
neshama
soul
קְטָלָה

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.