One root, one hard core. The bone is the body's solid frame, and from "the solid thing in itself" Hebrew draws two more meanings: the essence of a thing, even the word for -self, and the family of strength, power and intensity. To be עַצְמָאִי is to stand on your own bones, independent. A nation's independence and a great power both grow from this single root. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.
The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.
The pa'al keeps an old concrete sense ("to shut the eyes", to make them firm); the hif'il is the living modern verb, causative "to make stronger, to empower". The nif'al, pi'el, pu'al, huf'al and hitpa'el verb slots are not lexicalized, though the hitpa'el surfaces as a noun below.
Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.
Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.