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Root י־ר־ש: inheriting

Roots Atlas 194 · שֹׁרֶשׁ י ר ש · the inheritance root
י ר ש
y · r · sh
everything to do with taking possession down the generations: inheriting, bequeathing, the legacy itself
4 words · 1 root · 3 verb-voices

י־ר־ש means to take possession, to inherit, with an old harder edge: to dispossess, to take over land from those who held it. The same root therefore looks both ways: the heir who receives, and the one who bequeaths down the line. The first letter is a weak yod, so the pa'al infinitive contracts to לָרֶשֶׁת, and the causative hif'il turns the yod into a long o: לְהוֹרִישׁ. One root holds the whole chain: receiving, passing on, and what gets passed. Every word here is verified against pealim, niqqud included.

The verb across the binyanim (voices)

The same root runs through the verb system. Each binyan is a voice: it bends the one idea into active, passive, causative or reciprocal. Tap to hear.

Pa'al
לָרֶשֶׁתlareshet
simple active, the plain action
to inherit, to take possession of
Nif'al
לְהִוָּרֵשׁlehivaresh
passive / middle, it happens to the subject
to become impoverished (literary)
Hif'il
לְהוֹרִישׁlehorish
causative, make someone do it
to bequeath, to leave (an inheritance) to

The two active voices are mirror images: the pa'al לָרֶשֶׁת is to receive an inheritance, while its causative hif'il לְהוֹרִישׁ is to make someone inherit, i.e. to bequeath. The nif'al לְהִוָּרֵשׁ drifted to a separate literary sense (to be left destitute). Note the פ"י behaviour: the yod vanishes (לָרֶשֶׁת) or becomes a long o (הוֹ-). No pi'el, pu'al, huf'al or hitpa'el are lexicalized for this root.

Words born from the root

Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.

① The legacy: what is passed down

יְרֻשָּׁה
yerusha
inheritance, legacy, estate
קְטֻלָּה

Decode it yourself

Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.