This is a geminate root: the last two letters are the same (ק-ק), and one of them usually collapses into a strong dot (dagesh) when the word is built. The single idea is thin, fine, small in division. From the plain adjective "thin" the family stretches in two surprising directions: toward physical fineness (paper-thin) and toward time, because a minute is just a fine slice of the hour, the smallest division you normally count. And "thinness" becomes, abstractly, subtlety, nuance, the fine distinctions only a careful mind notices. Every word is verified against pealim, niqqud included.
No verb is lexicalized here in everyday Hebrew; this root lives entirely through adjectives and nouns. A related verbal idea "to crush fine" exists in classical sources (לָדוּק / לְדַקְדֵּק "to be exact, to split hairs"), but the modern family you actually meet is the cluster of "thin / fine / minute" words below, so the page is built from groups, not binyanim.
Same root letters, different noun moulds (mishkalim). The mould tells you the function: who does it, the act of doing it, or the thing produced.
Strip the prefixes, suffixes and vowels. Three consonants remain, and the meaning lives there.