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Shabbat is not "no work" in the modern sense. It\'s 39 specific categories of "creative labor" (melachot) prohibited from sundown Friday to nightfall Saturday. The list comes from the activities used in building the Mishkan (Tabernacle). Modern technology is mapped onto these 39 categories, driving = lighting fire, using a phone = writing/erasing. Even chiloni Israelis recognize the public Shabbat: buses stop, most stores close in many cities.
Cultural note, In Jerusalem, observant Shabbat is the default. In Tel Aviv, Shabbat is "the time of cafés", secular Shabbat culture. The "status quo" agreement (1947) keeps public transport off on Shabbat in most cities. שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם is said Friday afternoon onward; שָׁבוּעַ טוֹב after havdala.
Shabbat Vocabulary
The 39 Melachot: Major Categories
Modern Applications
Shabbat Day Structure
Shabbat Greetings & Phrases
Shemot 20:8-11: The Shabbat Commandment
The 4th of the 10 commandments. The longest, with reasoning included.
Friday Night Kiddush: Vayechulu (Genesis 2:1-3)
Said standing, holding a cup of wine, before the meal begins. Quotes the Genesis Shabbat verses, then the Kiddush blessing.